CPT Question Papers

A lot of practical training is required in the professional course for becoming a Charted Accountant or a CA. The papers of professional competence exam and the final exam has questions that are of practical importance.
The candidates who wish to sit for CA examination should perfect and become expert of their field and not just the one that is used while working. The CA Question Papers are a must at Professional and Competence Exam/Integrated Professional Competence Exam and Final Exam.

Download Solutions of Drill of National Exam 2010 - Economics

Download Solutions of Drill of Economics - National Examination 2010
If a problem, please download here





Download Exam Sets of Economics - UN Exam 2009

Download Package 1


Download Package 2




Download Package 3

Download Theory of Economics

Download Bank of Economics - National Exam

For entry, one has to crack the CPT that is the Common Proficiency Test. Students after finishing their 10 + 2 can enter the profession of a CA through this entrance test.
The questions in CPT Question Papers are objective type with multiple choices.
The Question Papers cover the subjects Accounting/Mercantile Law/General Economics/Quantitative Aptitude of Common Proficiency Test. Besides, it also includes questions from Chartered Accountants/Subject experts working in various Colleges/Universities/Public/Students pursuing Chartered Accountancy Course, etc. These were originally invited from these experts of the subject.
One of the options is the right answer.
Fill in the blanks are there with 4 alternate answers given from which to choose from.
Questions in the form of small paragraphs containing 3 to 4 lines each, followed by a question having 4 probable answer.
In Fundamentals of Accounting, Mathematics and Statistics The Numericals are there with 4 different answer out of which one is correct.
Case studies are also the part of CA Question Papers. They appear in simple words and contains multiple concepts in it. The case study is generally a practical situation taken from day to day corporate life. The candidate has to understand and answer it. Case study is basically given so as to check the analytical/logical ability and intelligence.
The ICAI or the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has been set up and governed by an Act, that is called The Chartered Accountants Act, 1949. This Act has been taken out in order to govern the profession of Chattered Accountancy. It is also the second largest accounting body, globally.
It has changed quite a lot since according to the change that took place in the Indian economy.

Read More...

Vocational Training

Vocational training not only ensures that you are technically qualified at the end of the course, but is also a means of career advancement. The main object is to prepare you for a particular trade or occupation through technical or job specific training.

Vocational Training: Courses
Due to rapid development in science, technology and business practices, you have many options to choose from, such as:
Art and design: Computer animation, computer aided design, video game design and web design
Automotive Courses: Aviation technology, diesel mechanic and marine mechanic
Business: Administrative assistance, accounting, bookkeeping and E-business

Who Can Opt for Vocational Training?
After completing twelve years of school, you might be clear about what you wish to do in life. In traditional courses, you are taught a wide array of courses, most of which may not directly related to your set goal. Unlike regular courses, vocational courses will teach you only that part of the trade that you will directly use in your future profession. Such schools give you plenty of hands-on training, so that you get some experience of your profession. So, if you are sure what type of job you want to do, go for vocational training. Choose the course that suits your interest, skills and circumstances the best.
Choosing a Suitable Training Institute
You have both online and campus options for vocational training. If you are already in a job, you should opt for an online school. In an online training school, you do not need to physically visit the school. Since you can complete the course from your home, you can easily manage it while continuing with your present job. Here are some tips to help you choose the best training institute:
Do some research on the internet and also talk to friends who have done such courses.
The institute should have accreditation that is recognized by the industry. This will ensure that the course is reliable.
They should have a good track record in terms of finding employment for aspirants.

Read More...

Overheads

In accounting, overheads refer to indirect costs that are charged to production and other functions or departments. Indirect costs are those that are not fully attributable to a product, service or department. They apply to materials, wages/labour and expenses. As such, it follows that there are indirect materials, indirect wages and indirect expenses for different functions departments that relate to those categories.

Download Bank of Economics for National Exam - Senior High School (SMA / MA)

Senior High School (SMA / MA) National Exam 2009

Download Economics - UN Exam for Senior High School (SMA / MA))

Senior High School (SMA / MA)) National Exam 2008

Download Economics - UN Exam for Senior High School (SMA / MA)- Pack 1


Download Economics - UN Exam for Senior High School (SMA / MA)- Pack 2


Senior High School (SMA / MA) National Exam 2007

Coming Soon!





Senior High School (SMA / MA)) National Exam 2006

Download Economics - UN Exam for Senior High School (SMA / MA





Senior High School (SMA / MA)) National Exam 2005

Download Economics - UN Exam for Senior High School (SMA / MA)

== Production overhead ==
Production overheads are also known as factory overheads. These cover indirect costs that are incurred during the completion of a product or provision of a service. Factory overheads include materials that are too negligible in terms of charges or quantity for cost tracing. For example, if you are using 8 screws that cost 50 cents per screw, that amount might be immaterial in relation to other charges associated with the product manufactured.
The commissions or wages of non-productive workers are also part of production overhead. However, if a supervisor does not actually work on the product, he is productive if his salary/wages are directly traceable to a product, service or department. Indirect expenses are another dimension of production overheads. == Administrative overhead ==
In producing a product, an entity will have expenses related to administrative personnel and processing costs-such as stationery. Salaries of office staff and insurance for the business premises are additional overheads that relate to administration.
== Distribution overhead ==
A product or service must reach clients and there are charges attached to packaging and delivering the goods. Distribution overheads deal with aspects of the completed product and do not include transport fees to other plants before the product is finished. Transport costs, containers or boxes for shipment, wages for drivers, warehousing and insurance for stock are some examples of distribution overheads.
== Selling overhead ==
Businesses need to advertise their product or service and maintain their clientele. Indirect costs incurred in doing this constitute selling overhead. Material costs for this function include flyers, brochures and website fees. Labour charges include salaries, commissions and wages for salesmen, clerks and customer service representatives. Expenses including advertising, market research and rent/insurance for showrooms.
Production overhead forms part of production costs. However, overheads in other areas constitute costs that are separate from production costs but included in the TC. TC = Prime Cost + Production overhead + Other overheads

Read More...

Accountancy Services

Accountancy is used to communicate financial information on businesses and other users such as managers and shareholders. This type of information is usually in the form of financial statements. These financial statements will display in money terms the economic resources which are under the control of the management.

Download Drill of National Exam 2010 - Economics

Download Drill of Economics - National Examination 2010

If You have a Problem Please Download here




Download The Complete Solutions





Download Bank of Economics - National Exam

Accountancy is a branch of mathematical science, and is extremely useful when uncovering the causes of any failure and success in business. There are three divisions of accountancy that are applied to businesses and these are book-keeping auditing and accounting.
The AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) has defined accounting as "The art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of financial character, and interpreting the results thereof."
It was shown that people from that time would use various accounting methods to record their number of herds and the growth of their crops. Since then accounting has evolved, and over the years accounting has improved immensely as businesses advanced.
Many early accounts were mainly to enable the memory of the businessperson and the audience for the account was the record keeper and the proprietor alone. There were many crude methods of accounting which proved inadequate for the problems which were created by a business entity that involved multiple investors. To address these problems, double-entry book-keeping emerged in northern Italy in the 14th century, at a time when trading ventures started to require more capital than a single individual could invest.
Accounting today is known as "the language of business "as it has become the vehicle for relaying financial information about a business entity to many different groups of people.
Management accounting is used to focus on people inside a business entity, and is employed to provide information to auditors, owner-managers, managers, and employees. Primarily it is concerned with providing a basis for making operating or management decisions.
Financial accounting provides information to people outside the business entity such as creditors, potential shareholders, financial analysts government agencies, and banks or vendors. The presentation of financial accounts is very structured owing to the different needs and requirements of these different users, and also governed by many more rules than management accounting.

Read More...

The Origin Of Accounting Theory

If it is to be comprehensible and reliable, accounting must be used in accordance with specific rules and regulations. It would be chaos of Babylonian proportions if each person used his own grammar and vocabulary - nobody would understand anybody else. Likewise, it is essential that accounting is used according to generally accepted rules.
The first prerequisite is that accounting should agree or conform with the basic truths according to which our economic system functions; the current economic and business practices and the applicable law as embodied in legislative regulations or common law. Consequently, it is important that uniformity is maintained in accounting practice; in other words, a specific set of circumstances, wherever it may be encountered must be dealt with by everyone in exactly the same way within the accounting process.
Accounting theory creates a framework that ensures that accounting practice complies with the requirements of conformity and uniformity. This theory is embodied in a set of principles, policies, methods, procedures and conventions. The continuously increasing scope and complexity of our economic system requires a corresponding process of adaptation in accounting in order that the relevant information regarding economic activities may be recorded. It is essential that everyone involved in accounting should understand this process of adaptation; moreover, a prerequisite for such understanding is a grasp of not only the theory of accounting, but also the structure of that theory.
Accounting theory is based on a set of basic economic truths that are of a dual nature. First, accounting theory is based on propositions generally accepted in the economic order of a particular society. For example, consider the concept of personal ownership: a general accepted tenet of our society is the exclusive right of every person to own things - they are his personal property and no one else's. This concept is a basic economic truth.
Second, the basic economic truths have characteristics similar to those of natural laws in the sense that specific causes generate specific consequences. If, for example, someone derives greater value from a transaction than what was put into the transaction, his net worth - his wealth - will have increased by the surplus amount. This, too, is a basic economic truth. These economic truths are formulated as concepts and postulates. A postulate is a generally accepted hypothesis or supposition of a specific condition or phenomenon, which serves as a basis for the formulation of principles.
In the development of accounting theory, concepts and postulates serve as formulations of the basic truths or propositions upon which the theory is based. They do not attempt to prescribe the working of the accounting process, but simply the foundation upon which the structure of accountancy is based.

Read More...